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中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

  中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

  资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

  由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

  麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

  一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

  此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

  作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。

  美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

  这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。

  从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

  两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

  (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

  The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

  Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

  On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

  On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

  Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

  As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

  But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

  CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

  This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

  Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

  From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

  Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

  The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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浙江丽水:擦亮健康底色,以数字化改革提升服务力******

  时值严冬,呼吸道疾病感染进入高发期。在浙江省丽水市莲都区大港头镇官岭村,山区村民足不出村,即可在家门口的“流动发热门诊”就诊取药。

  近日,2022年度全国爱国卫生运动大会在北京举行。在大会的健康城市主题分会上,丽水市副市长卢彩柳作“倡导文明健康助力健康城市建设”典型经验分享时介绍,丽水打造的“智慧流动医院”,实现了758个未设医疗机构的偏远行政村全覆盖。

  早在2018年,丽水市创新建立了“流动医院”巡回诊疗山区模式,此后运用数字化技术加以升级改造。近期,当地基于46辆“智慧流动医院”巡回诊疗车(以下简称“智慧流动医院”),按需开设“流动发热门诊”。

  地处浙南山区的丽水,生态环境状况指数连续18年位居浙江省首位。记者了解到,丽水市已连续两年获评全国健康城市建设样板市,除了良好的生态环境,以数字化改革提升服务水平,是当地建设“健康丽水”的重要手段。

  经过升级改造的“智慧流动医院”,除了可进行常规的血压、血糖检查,还能实现心电图、尿检、B超等项目。尤为关键的是,智慧车载系统配备5G网络,通过打通医保系统,安装移动结算系统,在车内就可以实现医保刷卡结算,挂号收费、就医、检查、取药、医保报销、家庭医生签约、公共卫生服务等并网运行,让山区群众在家门口就能享受到县级医院的门诊服务。

  新冠肺炎疫情防控期间,“智慧流动医院”曾数次驶入封控区,保障隔离群众看病买药需求。如2022年3月至4月,丽水莲都区岩泉街道蔚蓝水岸小区相关区域被划定疫情防控“三区”,莲都区当即协调“智慧流动医院”定期驻点开诊。

  彼时,群众通过“浙里办”平台的“智慧流动医院”服务端,进入“需求反馈”界面,提出就医需求,区域基层医疗机构就能在“丽水市智慧流动医院管理监测平台”收到群众信息,提前安排出诊医生,为群众提供“点单式”服务,按需备好检查设备、药品、医疗物资等。

  2022年7月,丽水市卫健委打造的“救在丽水”应用,在“浙里办”平台正式上线,通过构建多跨协同、高效便捷的山区医疗急救服务模式,进一步畅通山区群众“就医通道”。

  记者了解到,该应用整合了丽水全市233家医疗机构、127辆院前急救车、46个流动医院、524台AED等资源,打通卫健、公安、医保等8个部门数据壁垒,集成双向定位、上车即入院等19个信息模块和1121个数据项目。

  据介绍,“救在丽水”通过构建“身边救”“同步救”“精准救”“全域救”“全程救”5个场景,将原先急救流程中4个线下人工环节整合为线上一体化流程,将原来车上只能做体征监测模式提升为同步会诊模式,救治成功率从96%提升至98%,院前心肺复苏成功率从1.12%提升至2.26%。

  2022年以来,“救在丽水”已参与执行急救任务45614次,促使全市急救服务半径从32公里缩小至19公里、平均急救反应时间从34分钟减少至18分钟,被评为浙江省数字社会系统2022年度“最佳应用”。

  丽水市爱卫办相关负责人介绍,近年来,丽水实施健康优先发展战略,创新健康城市综合管理智慧化监管模式,依托“花园云”城市大脑,建成了健康城市管理体系,打通共享卫生健康、市场监管、行政执法、建设等部门数据,推动城市管理、食品安全、卫生监督等重点领域数字化智慧监管。

  该负责人表示,接下来,丽水将进一步贯彻“将健康融入所有政策”“人民共建共享”的工作方针,将爱国卫生运动与传染病、慢性病防控等紧密结合,全面改善人居环境,坚持数字化改革,全力构建丽水山区医疗模式,为群众提供更普惠的医疗服务。(洪恒飞 赖英映 科技日报记者 江耘)

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